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Bacteriostatic water containing 0.9% benzyl alcohol, lab-grade, sealed, and within its expiry date Sterile syringes , 3 mL or 5 mL, depending on your volume, with 21-gauge needles Sterile nasal spray bottle calibrated to deliver a fixed volume per actuation (typically 0.1 mL, confirm before starting) Alcohol prep pads , isopropyl at 70% concentration Nitrile gloves Clean, flat work surface that can be fully disinfected before use Critical: Confirm the actuation volume before you do any calculations

Hsieh YL, Yao HT, Cheng RS, Chiang MT (2012) Chitosan reduces plasma adipocytokines and lipid accumulation in liver and adipose tissues and ameliorates insulin resistance in diabetic rats

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Author Contributions Conceived and designed the experiments: PJ HCM AVP SM YL YHC NAB EW